Four basic types of heat treatment steel undergoes: annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering.
Shell mould casting is a metal casting process similar to sand casting.
Steel castings are solid metal objects produced by filling the void within a mold with liquid steel.
Normalizing heat treatment helps to remove impurities and improve ductility and toughness.
Chemical elements and effects on steel mechanical properties.
Hot cracking is one of the common casting defects in the production of steel castings, malleable iron castings and some light alloy castings.